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Section 2(iii) of the NDPS Act 1985 defines cannabis to exclude seeds and leaves when not accompanied by flowering tops, so cannabis seeds sit outside central narcotics control and are traded openly, including as food under FSSAI's 2021 hemp standards. Cultivating the plant still requires state authorization under Section 10, and states such as Uttarakhand (since 2018), Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh license hemp growing at or below 0.3% THC. Selling seeds expressly for illicit cultivation could still attract abetment liability.
