Updated for 2026 · 190+ countries & all 50 states

Where is cannabis legal?

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Legal Restricted / Limited Illegal Decriminalized Pending / Medical only No data

Recreational cannabis legality

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Informational only — not legal advice. Verify current law with qualified counsel before making compliance decisions.

All countries A–Z

Every country and territory we track — 207 in total. Each links to its full cannabis, CBD & hemp legality page, with recreational and medical status shown.

LegalRestricted / LimitedIllegalDecriminalizedPending / Medical only

Informational only — not legal advice. Verify current law with qualified counsel.

united-states

new-caledonia

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis a narcotic; seeds banned, hemp seed import prohibited; hemp only via government derogation pilot.

curacao

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Opium ordinance's hemp definition excludes seeds, but growing any cannabis is banned; seed trade legally untested.

cayman-islands

Illegal

Misuse of Drugs Act covers the whole plant with no seed or hemp carve-out; zero-tolerance on import.

bermuda

Illegal

Restricted

Illegal

MDA 1972 definition includes seeds; only possession of 7g or less is decriminalised; 2022 licensing bill was blocked.

gibraltar

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis is Class B and s.508 Crimes Act bans growing any cannabis plant; seeds themselves not expressly addressed.

faroe-islands

Restricted

Legal

Faroese euphoriants order expressly excepts hemp seeds from control; germination and unlicensed growing are illegal.

kosovo

Restricted

Illegal

Criminal Code expressly criminalises holding seeds of narcotic plants; hemp only for permitted registered producers.

malawi

Restricted

Illegal

Viable seeds only via CRA-licensed channels; certified seed from approved suppliers; unlicensed dealings criminal.

libya

Illegal

Total prohibition under Law No. 7 of 1990; no hemp or seed exception; severe penalties, enforcement chaotic.

eswatini

Illegal

1922 Act bans the whole plant or any portion of it, incl. sale, gift or possession; hemp bill still not enacted.

lesotho

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds permit-controlled for licensed operators only; personal purchase, possession or gifting remains illegal.

comoros

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Strict drug prohibition since 1978; no hemp framework; seed-specific statutory text is not publicly documented.

gabon

Illegal

All cannabis is a prohibited narcotic; seed sale, acquisition or transfer treated as illicit drug commerce.

equatorial-guinea

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Blanket cannabis prohibition reported but no statute text locatable; seeds never specifically addressed.

sao-tome-and-principe

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis illegal with no reform enacted; seed-specific rules unverifiable in the 2012 Penal Code framework.

gambia

Illegal

Cannabis is a prohibited drug under the Drug Control Act 2003; supply, possession and cultivation all criminal.

guinea-bissau

Illegal

Decreto-Lei 2-B/93 bans cultivating, selling, buying or ceding cannabis; unqualified listing covers whole plant.

guinea

Illegal

Total prohibition; Penal Code arts. 819-821 criminalize all dealings incl. free transfer; no seed or hemp carve-out.

sierra-leone

Illegal

NDCA 2008 defines cannabis to expressly include seeds; sale, supply, possession all criminal; no hemp regime.

central-african-republic

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis fully illegal under 2010 Penal Code narcotics provisions; no seed-specific or hemp rules could be verified.

chad

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

2017 Penal Code bans unlicensed cultivation and all drug dealings; seeds not expressly scheduled; no hemp framework.

niger

Illegal

All viable cannabis seeds are prohibited; no hemp or medical cannabis licensing exists in Niger.

burkina-faso

Illegal

Cannabis and its seeds are fully prohibited; Burkina Faso has no hemp cultivation or seed licensing framework.

mali

Illegal

Viable cannabis seed commerce is banned under Mali's 2001 drug-control law; no hemp regime exists.

cote-d-ivoire

Illegal

Seeds remain illegal; a 2022 law treats drug use as a health issue but keeps cannabis cultivation and supply criminal.

senegal

Illegal

Senegal's Drug Code bans cannabis ('chanvre indien') entirely; seed sale, purchase and gifting are all criminal.

cameroon

Illegal

Cannabis is a 'high-risk drug' in Cameroon; seed commerce is illegal with 10–20 year penalties for cultivation.

republic-of-the-congo

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis is illegal in Congo-Brazzaville; seed rules are not separately published and hemp is unregulated.

democratic-republic-of-the-congo

Illegal

The DRC bans cannabis outright with no hemp distinction; viable seeds are treated as the prohibited plant.

angola

Illegal

Angola's Law 3/99 bans cannabis in all forms; cultivating or trading seeds risks 8–12 years' imprisonment.

namibia

Illegal

Apartheid-era Act 41 of 1971 bans cannabis and its seeds in Namibia; a court challenge to the ban is pending.

botswana

Restricted

Illegal

Botswana's Cannabis Act 2025 creates licences for medicinal and industrial cannabis; unlicensed seed dealing stays illegal.

zambia

Restricted

Illegal

Licensed firms may import and multiply cannabis and hemp seed under Zambia's 2021 Acts; unlicensed dealing is criminal.

zimbabwe

Restricted

Illegal

Zimbabwe licenses medicinal cannabis and hemp; seed import needs Seed Services certification, unlicensed seeds banned.

mozambique

Illegal

Mozambique bans cannabis entirely; no hemp industry or medical licensing exists, so seed trade is illegal.

burundi

Illegal

Burundi bans all cannabis use, sale and cultivation with no medical or hemp exception; seeds are included.

rwanda

Restricted

Illegal

Rwanda licenses cannabis cultivation and seed import strictly for medical export; private seed dealing is illegal.

uganda

Restricted

Illegal

Uganda's 2023 narcotics Act allows Health Ministry-licensed cannabis cultivation; unlicensed seeds are criminal.

djibouti

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis is illegal in Djibouti with up to five years' prison; no hemp rules are published for seeds.

somalia

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis is illegal in Somalia; fragmented governance leaves seed and hemp rules undocumented.

eritrea

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Eritrea bans cannabis; possession is a petty offence but production and sale are punished severely.

south-sudan

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis is prohibited in South Sudan, but seed-specific and hemp rules are undocumented in public law.

sudan

Illegal

All viable cannabis seeds are illegal in Sudan under the 1994 narcotics act; no hemp exemption exists.

east-timor

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis is illegal in Timor-Leste; seeds have no lawful market and hemp seed rules are unaddressed.

french-guiana

Restricted

Illegal

French law applies: marijuana seeds are illegal; only certified low-THC hemp seed for licensed farmers.

liechtenstein

Illegal

Cannabis and even industrial hemp are banned in Liechtenstein, so viable cannabis seeds of any kind are illegal.

andorra

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis is illegal in Andorra; viable seeds have no lawful channel and hemp is unregulated.

san-marino

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis is illegal, but San Marino has no published rules on viable seeds; status remains unclear.

vatican-city

Unclear / Unregulated

Vatican City bans narcotics but has no seed-specific law or commerce; seed status is unclear.

niue

Illegal

Cannabis, including seed, is controlled under Niue's Misuse of Drugs Act 2007; no lawful seed channel exists.

cook-islands

Illegal

Seeds remain illegal in the Cook Islands; the 2023 amendment allows only prescribed medicinal cannabis products.

federated-states-of-micronesia

Illegal

Marijuana, defined to include its seeds, is a Schedule I substance across all four FSM states.

marshall-islands

Illegal

The 1987 Act bans cannabis including its seeds; no hemp exemption exists in the Marshall Islands.

nauru

Illegal

Cannabis is banned under Nauru's Illicit Drugs Control Act 2004; viable seeds have no legal route.

tuvalu

Illegal

Indian hemp is prohibited under Tuvalu's 1948-era Dangerous Drugs Act; cannabis seeds are illegal.

kiribati

Illegal

Cannabis is fully prohibited under Kiribati's Dangerous Drugs Ordinance; seeds are included in the ban.

papua-new-guinea

Illegal

Cannabis is illegal in PNG under the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952; no hemp or seed exemption exists.

solomon-islands

Illegal

Importing or exporting Indian hemp seed is expressly banned; all cannabis activity is illegal.

samoa

Illegal

Possessing cannabis seed is an offence carrying up to 14 years under Samoa's Narcotics Act 1967.

tonga

Illegal

Cannabis and its seeds are illegal under Tonga's Illicit Drugs Control Act; penalties are severe.

vanuatu

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds are illegal in Vanuatu except within the licensed, export-only hemp and medical cannabis regime.

brunei

Illegal

Brunei bans cannabis outright with death-penalty trafficking laws; all viable seeds are strictly illegal.

suriname

Restricted

Illegal

Marijuana seeds are illegal in Suriname; licensed industrial hemp of up to 1% THC is allowed via the NIIHS.

saint-kitts-and-nevis

Restricted

Cannabis Act 2020 regulates seeds; adults may grow 5 plants at home, but commercial seed supply requires a licence.

saint-vincent-and-the-grenadines

Restricted

Seeds move only under Medicinal Cannabis Authority licences and import protocols; small possession is decriminalised.

trinidad-and-tobago

Restricted

Viable seeds count as cannabis; adults may grow 4 plants, but seed commerce needs a Cannabis Licensing Authority licence.

laos

Restricted

Illegal

Ganja seeds remain prohibited narcotics; only licensed low-THC hemp is allowed under a 2022 Health Ministry decision.

myanmar

Illegal

All cannabis seeds are banned; the 1993 narcotics law draws no hemp distinction and cultivation carries 5+ years.

sri-lanka

Restricted

Illegal

The drugs ordinance expressly bars import or export of hemp seeds; only Ayurvedic and state-licensed channels exist.

bangladesh

Illegal

Cannabis and its seeds fall under the Narcotics Control Act 2018; cultivation and sale have been banned since 1989.

tajikistan

Illegal

No lawful route to buy, gift or plant cannabis seeds; the Criminal Code punishes cultivation and sale severely.

turkmenistan

Illegal

Zero tolerance: buying seeds at a bazaar has led to over a decade in prison; no hemp or medical carve-outs exist.

uzbekistan

Restricted

Illegal

Drug-type seed is illegal under Criminal Code arts. 270-276; licensed sub-0.2% THC hemp has been allowed since 2020.

moldova

Restricted

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Authorised farms may sow EU-catalogue hemp seed; drug-type seed trade has no legal basis and cultivation is criminal.

belarus

Illegal

One of Europe's harshest regimes: no licensed hemp, and cannabis seed imports are treated as contraband.

syria

Illegal

Law No. 2 of 1993 bans cannabis in all forms; trafficking offences can carry life terms or the death penalty.

bahrain

Illegal

The narcotics law bans prohibited plants at every growth stage, seeds included; penalties reach life terms or death.

kuwait

Illegal

Decree Law 74/1983 outlaws cannabis entirely; newer amendments allow death or life terms for importing or cultivating.

oman

Illegal

The narcotics law issued by Royal Decree 17/99 bans cultivating or importing cannabis and its seeds; no exceptions.

yemen

Illegal

The 1993 narcotics control law bans cannabis; trafficking can bring 25 years or death, and khat's legality does not extend to it.

palestine

Illegal

Decree-Law 18/2015 (amended 2020) criminalises cannabis; cultivation and dealing carry ten years or more with heavy fines.

kyrgyzstan

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Drug-type seed is barred under the 1998 narcotics law; the legal footing for industrial hemp seed remains contested.

palau

Unclear / Unregulated

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Restricted

The Cannabis Control Act 2024 legalised adult use; households may grow 6 plants, with commercial supply licensed.

seychelles

Illegal

The Misuse of Drugs Act 2016 defines cannabis to include its seeds; cultivation can attract up to 30 years.

liberia

Illegal

Viable cannabis seeds are illegal; the 2023 Controlled Drugs and Substances Act makes trafficking non-bailable.

mauritius

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis seeds fall under the Dangerous Drugs Act ban; only a narrow state medical channel exists.

madagascar

Illegal

All cannabis activity, including seed sale and possession, is illegal; no hemp programme exists.

cape-verde

Illegal

Law 78/IV/93 bans cannabis in all forms; viable seeds have no legal market or hemp exemption.

azerbaijan

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are banned; Article 237 criminalises cultivating any cannabis, and hemp growing is prohibited.

bhutan

Illegal

Cannabis grows wild but seeds, cultivation and sale are illegal under the 2015 Narcotic Drugs Act.

macau

Illegal

Law 17/2009 imposes absolute prohibition; viable cannabis seeds are treated as controlled material.

antigua-and-barbuda

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Households may grow 4 plants, so seeds circulate, but commercial seed sale requires a Cannabis Act licence.

dominica

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Home growing of 3 plants is tolerated, yet selling viable cannabis seeds remains a criminal offence.

armenia

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are illegal except for licensed industrial hemp entities under the 2021 hemp framework.

maldives

Illegal

Drugs Act 17/2011 bans cannabis outright; seeds are contraband and 2025 amendments added death-penalty thresholds.

grenada

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

2026 reforms decriminalise adult possession and Rastafari growing, but seed sales remain unlicensed and illegal.

greenland

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis is prohibited, but whether non-germinated seeds fall under the applied Danish euphoriants rules is unclear.

kazakhstan

Restricted

Illegal

Marijuana seeds are illegal; a 2025 law lets licensed companies import certified industrial hemp seed.

mongolia

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are illegal under the Criminal Code; industrial hemp licensing reports remain unverified.

jordan

Illegal

Law No. 23 of 2016 criminalises cannabis seeds alongside plants; no hemp or medical carve-out exists.

tanzania

Illegal

Cannabis is a prohibited plant; seed possession or sale risks decade-plus minimum sentences.

lebanon

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds remain illegal in practice; Law 178/2020 foresees licensed sub-1% THC seed imports, still unimplemented.

qatar

Illegal

Zero tolerance: cannabis seeds are banned under Law No. 9 of 1987 with severe custodial penalties.

iraq

Illegal

Law No. 50 of 2017 bans all cannabis material, including viable seeds, with no hemp exemption.

saint-lucia

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Adults may grow 4 plants privately, but commercial seed sale awaits the pending Cannabis and Industrial Hemp Bill.

guyana

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds illegal under Cap 10:10; hemp carved out by Industrial Hemp Act 2022 but licensing barely operational.

ethiopia

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis fully prohibited since 1996 proclamation; no seed carve-out or hemp licensing scheme identified.

iran

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Restricted

Shahdaneh seeds sold openly as food; Anti-Narcotics Law punishes seed possession only with narcotic-production intent.

pakistan

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

CNSA 1997 cannabis definition excludes seeds; CCRA Act 2024 licensing exists on paper but is only now starting up.

nepal

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

1976 Act bans cultivation with no hemp carve-out; seed foods tolerated; 2024-2026 legalization bills not yet passed.

monaco

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Loi 890/1970 bans all cannabis incl. CBD; no seed market or hemp agriculture in the Principality.

afghanistan

Illegal

Taliban decrees (April 2022; No. 510 of 2023) ban cannabis cultivation, hashish and all narcotics trade outright.

el-salvador

Illegal

Drug law criminalizes sowing/cultivating cannabis seeds; no verified seed or hemp framework as of 2026.

barbados

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds only via BMCLA-licensed medicinal industry or sacramental regime; unlicensed seed possession remains an offence.

north-korea

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis is a listed narcotic; 'legal weed' claims are myth. Hemp is grown only under state industrial plans.

fiji

Restricted

Illegal

IDCA 2004 treats sowing seed as cultivation; only sub-1% THC industrial hemp was carved out in 2022, licence-based.

georgia-a57f8

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

2018 ruling freed consumption, not cultivation; sowing seeds a crime (Art. 265); seeds themselves in a gray zone.

north-macedonia

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds move only under Ministry of Health licences and import permits; individuals have no legal seed access.

bulgaria

Legal

Illegal

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Viable seeds are licence-gated: hemp sowing seed for licensed growers only; germinable imports over 10% are barred.

algeria

Illegal

Total prohibition under Law 04-18 (toughened by Law 23-05 of 2023); seeds cannot be bought, sold or mailed in.

tunisia

Illegal

Law 92-52 criminalizes all cannabis activity incl. seeds; 2017 amendment softened sentencing only, no hemp regime.

bolivia

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Law 1008/Law 913 ban cannabis with no hemp distinction; seed possession per se is not expressly addressed.

bosnia-and-herzegovina

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Seeds not scheduled; growing banned. Licensed hemp ≤0.2% THC allowed; medical cannabis approved Jan 1, 2026.

paraguay

Restricted

Illegal

Licensed hemp seed (Decree 2725/2019, SENAVE varieties) and medical imports (Law 6007) legal; else Law 1340/88 bans.

haiti

Illegal

2001 drug law bans all cannabis activity — cultivation, trade, possession, transfer; no hemp or seed exception.

venezuela

Illegal

Ley Orgánica de Drogas (2010) explicitly criminalizes trafficking and distribution of cannabis seeds (10-20 years).

slovakia

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are not scheduled under Act 139/1998 and are sold openly as collectibles, but germinating them is a crime.

montenegro

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Drug law is silent on seeds; no verified collectible exemption. Hemp growing needs a Ministry of Agriculture permit.

latvia

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Seeds are not on Latvia's narcotics schedules, but no collectible exemption is confirmed; home growing is criminal.

serbia

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Seeds are not listed as psychoactive controlled substances, but only vendor sites claim they are legal collectibles.

cyprus

Restricted

Illegal

Cyprus treats viable cannabis seeds as part of a Class B drug regime; only licensed hemp and medical programs exist.

lithuania

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

No legal seed market; cultivation is criminal, so seed deals are prosecuted. Certified hemp seed OK for growers.

luxembourg

Legal

Law of 27 June 2023 expressly legalized seeds: adults may buy, import or receive them and grow 4 plants per household.

nicaragua

Illegal

Ley 285 expressly bans possession, storage and commerce of germinable cannabis seeds without MoH authorization.

estonia

Legal

Seeds are not narcotic under Estonia's NPS Act and may be sold and owned; germinating them remains an offence.

slovenia

Legal

Seeds fall outside the illicit-drugs decree and are sold openly; germination remains illegal pending adult-use bill.

ukraine

Restricted

Seeds move only via state channels: certified hemp varieties for registered growers, Table I seeds for licensees.

kenya

Illegal

Cannabis is fully banned; seeds cannot be lawfully sold, bought or imported, and no hemp licensing regime exists.

hong-kong

Illegal

Cap. 134 explicitly defines cannabis to include viable seeds; possession, sale or transfer are dangerous drug offences.

cambodia

Illegal

Cannabis is a Group I narcotic; seeds not separately scheduled but cultivation and supply are crimes, loosely enforced.

nigeria

Illegal

Indian hemp is banned outright; NDLEA seizes cannabis seeds as contraband and no hemp or reform bill has passed.

albania

Restricted

Illegal

Seed import/reproduction allowed only under NACC licences per Law 61/2023; unlicensed dealing in seeds is a felony.

ghana

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds illegal for individuals; only NACOC-licensed operators may import approved low-THC hemp seed.

uruguay

Restricted

Seeds legal only through IRCCA-authorized channels; registered home growers acquire seeds from licensed producers.

malaysia

Illegal

DDA 1952 expressly covers cannabis seeds; sale, gifting or possession are serious crimes with no hemp exception.

netherlands

Legal

Seeds are not scheduled under the Opiumwet: sale, purchase and gifting are legal; germination is where limits begin.

argentina

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Registered-variety seed sales legalized in 2022, but Milei-era decrees dissolved regulators and tightened REPROCANN.

austria

Legal

Seeds are not narcotics in Austria; sale and possession are legal, but bringing plants to flower for THC is prohibited.

honduras

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are fully illegal in Honduras; the drug law expressly bans seeds and germination, with no hemp carve-out.

egypt

Restricted

Illegal

Viable cannabis seeds cannot be bought, sold or mailed in Egypt; only state-supervised low-THC hemp is reportedly permitted.

romania

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Only certified low-THC hemp seed may be sold under licence in Romania; cannabis is a high-risk drug under Law 143/2000.

ecuador

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Ecuador licenses hemp under 1% THC, but seeds must be certified and imported under MAG licences; marijuana seeds stay illegal.

malta

Restricted

Legal

Seeds fall outside Malta's cannabis definition; adults may buy them (CHRAs sell up to 20 a month) and grow four plants.

cuba

Illegal

Cuba bans cannabis entirely; viable seeds have no legal channel and drug offences carry severe prison terms.

indonesia

Illegal

Indonesia's Narcotics Law lists cannabis seeds themselves as Group I narcotics; all dealings are serious crimes.

hungary

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Cannabis seeds are not scheduled in Hungary but sit in a legal gray zone; only certified EU hemp seed is clearly lawful.

taiwan

Illegal

Taiwan criminalizes cannabis seeds outright; possession, sale and import are punished under its narcotics act.

chile

Restricted

Legal

Seeds sell openly in Chilean grow shops; private personal growing is tolerated, though unauthorized cultivation is punishable.

morocco

Restricted

Illegal

Only ANRAC-certified seed may be supplied to licensed growers in Morocco; recreational cannabis and its seeds stay illegal.

czech-republic

Legal

Seed sale and possession are legal in Czechia; liability starts at germination, though low-THC growing is broadly allowed.

guatemala

Illegal

Guatemala's narcotics law makes no hemp exception; viable cannabis seeds cannot be sold, bought or gifted legally.

singapore

Illegal

Singapore treats cannabis in any form as a Class A drug; importing or selling seeds risks trafficking charges, even death.

philippines

Illegal

Cannabis and its seeds are dangerous drugs under RA 9165; cultivation carries life imprisonment and no seed market exists.

south-korea

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Korea's law excludes seeds from its cannabis definition, but supplying or importing viable seed for growing is prosecuted.

canada

Restricted

Legal

Licensed retailers sell cannabis seeds across Canada; adults may possess or gift up to 30 seeds and grow four plants.

panama

Restricted

Illegal

Panama confines cannabis seeds to licensed medical and hemp operators under MIDA control; individuals cannot buy them.

peru

Restricted

Illegal

Peru licenses medical cannabis and hemp seed channels, but unlicensed transfer of cannabis seeds carries 5-10 years' prison.

turkey

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Illegal

Turkey permits licensed hemp in 19 provinces using controlled seed; importing or selling marijuana seeds is prohibited.

croatia

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Seed-specific rules unverified; hemp growing licensed under EU rules, but high-THC cannabis activity is a felony.

belgium

Restricted

Seed purchases are tolerated in practice, but supplying seeds for cultivation and any germination remain punishable.

norway

Illegal

Cannabis seeds fall under Norway's strict prohibition; hemp cultivation has been banned since 1964.

finland

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are lawful to possess as collectibles, but selling seeds for cultivation is a narcotics promotion offence.

russia

Restricted

Illegal

Selling or advertising cannabis seeds for cultivation is punishable; only registered low-THC hemp varieties allowed.

portugal

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Illegal

Viable cannabis seeds require an industrial or medical licence; unlicensed purchase and sale are prohibited.

vietnam

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are treated as narcotics material; seed weights count toward Vietnam's severe trafficking penalties.

colombia

Restricted

Seeds flow through licensed, ICA-registered channels; adults may grow up to 20 plants for personal use.

bahamas

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis Act 2024 creates seed and nursery licences, but the Cannabis Authority is not yet issuing them.

poland

Restricted

Legal

High-THC seeds may be bought as collectors' items; germination and hemp growing without KOWR entry are offences.

belize

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Possession of 10g is decriminalized, but seed sale and cultivation remain illegal; the hemp law is unimplemented.

brazil

Restricted

Courts treat seed possession leniently; ANVISA now authorizes licensed seed imports for medical and hemp use.

india

Restricted

Legal

The NDPS Act excludes seeds, so trade is broadly lawful; cultivation needs state licences such as Uttarakhand's.

denmark

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are exempt from the Euphoriants Order, but selling to would-be growers and germination are illegal.

aruba

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Cannabis is fully illegal in Aruba with no seed exemption; no medical or hemp licensing regime is operational.

sweden

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are not classed as narcotics in Sweden, but germination is cultivation; hemp needs EU-listed varieties.

dominican-republic

Illegal

Law 50-88 defines marijuana to include seeds, making any seed sale, transfer or possession criminal.

israel

Unclear / Unregulated

Restricted

Illegal

Propagation material moves only inside the licensed IMCA medical chain; home growing from seed is illegal.

switzerland

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are legal unless intended for illegal high-THC growing; sub-1% THC cannabis seed trade is lawful.

iceland

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are effectively banned; only IMA-approved sub-0.2% THC hemp seed imports are allowed.

thailand

Restricted

Legal

Seeds remain uncontrolled after Thailand's 2025 re-restriction, which targeted flowers as a controlled herb.

new-zealand

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seed is a Class C controlled drug; hemp moves to notification-based rules in May 2026 with import licences.

costa-rica

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Unclear / Unregulated

Viable seed handling sits inside Law 10113 medical/hemp licences; private seed acquisition is an unregulated gray zone.

greece

Restricted

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

No express rule on ungerminated cannabis seeds; hemp seed is licensed at under 0.2% THC and drug cultivation is criminal.

china

Restricted

Illegal

Trading or possessing viable drug-cannabis seeds is a criminal offence; hemp seed only under provincial licences.

mexico

Unclear / Unregulated

Illegal

Unclear / Unregulated

Court rulings protect adult self-cultivation, but Congress has not regulated seeds and no lawful sales channel exists.

ireland

Restricted

Legal

Seeds fall outside the Misuse of Drugs Acts, so buying and selling is lawful; germination and hemp growing need licences.

jamaica

Restricted

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Households may hold seeds and grow five plants; commercial seed dealing needs a Cannabis Licensing Authority licence.

puerto-rico

Restricted

Illegal

Viable seeds circulate only inside the licensed medical program; home cultivation is banned and hemp follows US Farm Bill rules.

spain

Restricted

Legal

Seed sale is lawful as collectibles and private growing is tolerated; hemp requires EU-certified catalogue varieties.

japan

Restricted

Illegal

Viable seeds are tightly controlled under the revised Cannabis Control Act; only licensed growers may obtain them.

australia

Restricted

Illegal

Buying or selling viable cannabis seeds is illegal nationwide; even ACT home growers have no lawful seed source.

wyoming

Restricted

Illegal

Full prohibition state; viable marijuana seeds illegal; hemp cultivation only under a Wyoming Dept. of Agriculture license.

wisconsin

Restricted

Illegal

No medical or adult-use program; viable marijuana seeds illegal to sell, gift, or grow; hemp licensed federally via USDA.

west-virginia

Restricted

Illegal

Medical-only program with no home cultivation; viable marijuana seeds are contraband; WVDA licenses hemp growers.

virginia

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Legal

Home grow of 4 plants and adult sharing are legal, but seed sales stay unlicensed and illegal until retail opens in 2027.

vermont

Legal

Adult-use state with legal home grow; licensed cultivators and propagation licensees may sell seeds; adult gifting legal.

utah

Restricted

Illegal

Medical-only state with zero home cultivation; viable marijuana seeds have no lawful use; hemp growers license via USDA.

tennessee

Restricted

Illegal

All marijuana incl. viable seeds illegal; hemp growing needs TDA license; product rules moved to TABC July 1, 2026.

south-dakota

Restricted

Medical cardholders with home-cultivation registration may grow; seeds flow through licensed channels; rec use illegal.

south-carolina

Restricted

Illegal

No medical or adult-use program; viable cannabis seeds are marijuana under SC law — only licensed hemp farming allowed.

rhode-island

Legal

Cannabis Act allows adults 21+ to buy seeds, grow 3 mature/3 immature plants, and gift up to 1 oz without payment.

pennsylvania

Legal

Illegal

Medical-only with no home grow; viable seeds are 'marihuana' under 35 P.S. 780-102, so seed commerce remains criminal.

oregon

Legal

Mature market: adults buy up to 10 seeds per day at OLCC retailers, grow 4 plants per household, and may gift seeds.

ohio

Legal

Adults 21+ may possess, gift, and buy seeds for home grow (6 plants/12 per household); dispensaries may sell but few do.

north-dakota

Legal

Illegal

No adult-use; medical program bans home grow, so viable marijuana seeds remain contraband under N.D.C.C. 19-03.1.

new-mexico

Legal

Adults 21+ may buy seeds from licensed retailers and grow 6 mature plants (12/household) under the Cannabis Regulation Act.

new-hampshire

Legal

Illegal

Medical-only with no home grow; viable seeds remain 'marijuana' under RSA 318-B after home-grow bills died in the Senate.

nevada

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Licensed stores sell seeds and SB 168 (2025) opened licensee seed commerce, but the 25-mile rule limits home grow.

nebraska

Legal

Illegal

Medical program allows no home grow or seed sales; viable seeds are marijuana — ≤1 oz possession is a $300 infraction.

montana

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Licensed dispensaries sell seeds and seedlings; adults may gift within 1 oz and grow 2 mature plants plus 2 seedlings.

mississippi

Legal

Illegal

Medical-only with no home grow: viable seeds are contraband; only sterilized seed is exempt from the marijuana definition.

minnesota

Legal

Uniquely open: cannabis seed may be sold outside dispensaries under the MN Seed Law; adults grow 8 plants at home.

michigan

Restricted

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Seeds are 'marihuana' under MRTMA: adults may buy, possess, grow, and gift them; only CRA licensees may sell.

massachusetts

Legal

April 2026 reform excluded seeds from the 'marijuana' definition, clearing the way for open seed sales.

maryland

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Dispensaries may sell up to 6 seeds per customer; adults may possess, share, and grow 2 plants per household.

maine

Restricted

Legal

Adults 21+ may buy seeds at licensed ME stores, grow at home, and gift up to 6 immature plants or seedlings.

louisiana

Restricted

Illegal

Seeds are marijuana under LA law; possession under 14 g is decriminalized ($100 fine) but never lawful. No home grow.

kentucky

Restricted

Illegal

KY's medical program (live since 2025) bans home grow; unlicensed viable seed — hemp or marijuana — is penalized as marijuana.

kansas

Restricted

Illegal

KS has no medical or adult-use program; viable seeds are marijuana, and hemp seed requires a KDA license.

iowa

Restricted

Illegal

Iowa treats viable cannabis seed as marijuana; hemp seed is legal only when planted at an IDALS-licensed crop site.

indiana

Restricted

Illegal

Viable marijuana seeds are marijuana under IC 35-48-1-19; hemp seed sales need OISC and seedsman licensing.

illinois

Restricted

Illegal

Only registered medical patients may buy seeds, and only from licensed IL dispensaries; gifting seeds is barred.

idaho

Restricted

Illegal

Idaho bans all viable cannabis seed outside its licensed hemp program; unlicensed material is presumed marijuana.

hawaii

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Illegal

Medical patients may grow 10 plants but HI provides no legal seed source; adult-use bills failed again in 2026.

georgia

Restricted

Illegal

Viable marijuana seeds are contraband in GA; only sterilized seed is exempt. Hemp seed requires a GDA license.

delaware

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Delaware legalized marijuana but bans home grow; seeds may be shared within 1 oz yet cannot be sold or grown.

connecticut

Legal

Restricted

Legal

CT adults may possess seeds and grow 6 plants; retail seed channels are narrow and sale-linked gifting is banned.

colorado

Legal

Colorado retail stores sell seeds; Amendment 64 protects adult possession, 6-plant home grow, and gifting.

arizona

Legal

Prop 207 lets Arizona adults acquire, possess, and gift seeds and grow 6 plants; dispensary seed sales lawful.

united-kingdom

Restricted

Legal

Seeds may be bought, sold and gifted as souvenirs; germinating them without a Home Office licence is a crime.

saudi-arabia

italy

Restricted

Legal

Seed sale stays lawful as collectibles, but the 2025 Security Decree banned hemp flower and germination remains illegal.

south-africa

united-arab-emirates

Restricted

Illegal

Cannabis seeds are narcotics under Decree-Law 30/2021; a separate decree allows only licensed industrial hemp.

germany

Restricted

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Restricted

Adults may obtain seeds for home growing via EU imports or cultivation associations; general retail is not licensed.

france

Restricted

Illegal

Only certified low-THC hemp seed is lawful; trading or holding drug-type cannabis seeds is prohibited.

alaska

Legal

Adults 21+ may buy, possess, and gift marijuana seeds; home grow of 6 plants is legal under AS 17.38.

alabama

Restricted

Illegal

Viable marijuana seeds are contraband in Alabama; only licensed hemp growers may plant hemp seed.

washington

Restricted

Illegal

Adult-use state but non-medical home grow is still a felony (SB 6204 died in 2026); seeds limited to licensees/patients.

north-carolina

Legal

Illegal

Marijuana fully illegal; viable seeds are 'marijuana' under G.S. 90-87 (only sterilized seed is excluded). Hemp seed lawful.

missouri

Legal

Restricted

Legal

Dispensaries are constitutionally authorized to sell seeds and clones; $100 cultivation card allows 6 flowering plants.

arkansas

Restricted

Illegal

Medical-only Arkansas bans home grow; viable marijuana seeds are contraband outside licensed cultivators.

florida

Restricted

Legal

Ungerminated seeds ≤0.3% THC are 'hemp' in Florida and lawful to hold, but germinating one is a felony.

new-york

Legal

Home grow now legal for adults 21+ (3 mature/3 immature); seeds sold via licensed dispensaries under OCM rules.

oklahoma

Legal

Restricted

Illegal

Medical-only: licensed patients may buy seeds from dispensaries and grow 6 mature plants; no adult-use or gifting right.

texas

Restricted

Illegal

Viable marijuana seeds treated as marihuana; only TDA-licensed hemp cultivation lawful despite a hemp-seed gray zone.

new-jersey

Legal

Restricted

Illegal

Restricted

Adult-use legal but home grow remains a crime in 2026; no licensed seed sales, seeds sit in a hemp-law gray zone.

california

Legal

California adults may buy seeds from licensed retailers/nurseries, possess them freely, and gift up to 28.5 g.

federal

Where is cannabis legal?

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