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The 2019 reform to the Código Orgánico Integral Penal (effective June 2020) removed hemp below 1% THC from controlled-substance schedules, and Ministerial Agreement 109-2020 created licences including one specifically for the import and production of hemp seeds and cuttings. Seeds must be certified under the Ley Orgánica de Agrobiodiversidad, Semillas y Fomento de la Agricultura Sustentable (LOASFAS) and cleared by the Ministry of Agriculture (MAG), so uncertified viable cannabis seed cannot lawfully circulate. Cultivation of psychoactive cannabis remains a criminal offence under the COIP, and a citizen-initiative cannabis bill was still in early legislative stages in 2026.
