Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan's Criminal Code criminalises every stage of the cannabis chain, from use (up to five years) to cultivation (correctional labour or up to three years' imprisonment) and trafficking (up to twenty years). Seed transactions are prosecuted in practice: in a reported 2008 case from Tejen, a man who bought cannabis seeds at a bazaar and grew 153 grams was sentenced to eleven years, and the market trader who sold the seeds received ten. The state recognises no industrial hemp, medical or collector exception of any kind. Enforcement is aggressive given the country's role as a transit corridor for Afghan narcotics.